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Definition: Hay, John Milton from Philip's Encyclopedia

US secretary of state (1898-1905) under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. His 'open-door policy' demanded equal trading status for foreign powers in China. He negotiated the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty ensuring US control of the Panama Canal.

Hay, John

From Encyclopedia of United States - Latin American Relations
Keywords Panama Nicaragua Colombia U.S. Secretaries of State European Powers John Milton Hay (1838–1905) served as secretary of state under presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, from 1898 to 1905. He is perhaps best known for the Open Door Policy with regard to trade with China. In Latin American affairs, he was heavily involved in the actions that led to the building of the Panama Canal. Hay was born in Salem, Indiana, but spent much of his youth in Illinois. After attending Brown University, he went to Springfield, Illinois, to study law and became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln. When Lincoln was elected president in 1860, he took Hay and John G. Nicolay to Washington, D.C., as his private secretaries. Hay and Nicolay later collaborated on a massive ten-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln. Hay also wrote novels, poems, and other nonfiction works, some of which achieved modest critical acclaim. After Lincoln's death, Hay served in several diplomatic posts in Europe, and…
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Full text Article Hay, John Milton 1838-1905

From Encyclopedia of Chinese-American Relations
A poet, journalist, historian, and diplomat, John Milton Hay was born at Salem, Indiana on October 8, 1838, but grew up in Warsaw, Illinois. Hay attended Brown University graduating in 1858. During the next year, he entered a law office. Hay campaigned for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and was later…
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Full text Article Hay, John [Milton]

From Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature
H. had so much talent that he could have become a great poet, a great novelist, or a great historian if he had narrowed his focus. And he might have done so but for marriage into millions, lavish socializing, a devotion to political service, and occasional self-deprecation. He will still remain an…
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Full text Article Hay, John (1838–1905)

From Encyclopedia of Cuban-United States Relations
Hay served as secretary of state from 1898 to 1905. A journalist and author, Hay served as a U.S. diplomat in Europe after the Civil War. As a critic of European monarchism, Hay disapproved of Spain's administration of Cuba and, as a result of the Ten Years' War, believed that Cuba soon would be…
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Full text Article Hay, John Milton

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
1838-1905 US politician Born in Salem, Indiana, he was admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1861. He became private secretary to President Lincoln , and served for some months during the Civil War. He was secretary of legation at Paris (1865-67) and Madrid (1868-70), and chargé d'affaires at Vienna…
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Full text Article Hay, John Milton (1838 to 1905)

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
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1899–1949 China's catastrophic defeat in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and its growing political and military weakness led to a scramble for concessions by Western powers that seemed to presage its eventual partition. The movement began in 1898 with Germany's successful demand to the Qing (Ch'ing) …
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Full text Article Open Door Policy

From Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History
Open Door policy is a set of principles that the United States advanced in about 1900 in an attempt to prevent world powers from maintaining a disproportionate control of Chinese trade. In the late nineteenth century, industrialization in the United States was growing, and expansion into the Western…
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Full text Article Hay, John (Milton)

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(born Oct. 8, 1838, Salem, Ind., U.S.—died July 1, 1905, Newbury, N.H.) U.S. diplomat and writer. He studied law in Springfield, Ill., where he met Abraham Lincoln . He served as President Lincoln’s private secretary (1861–65) and then held diplomatic posts in Europe (1865–70). After writing…
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Full text Article Hay, John Milton

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
1838–1905, American author and statesman who was an important political figure from the mid-19th cent. into the early 20th cent.; b. Salem, Ind., grad. Brown. He practiced law at Springfield, Ill., where he met Abraham Lincoln . Hay accompanied Lincoln to Washington and was the president's assistant…
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Full text Article Hay

From Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary Full text Article Biographical Names
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