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Sand Creek massacre

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Slaughter of 450 Cheyenne and Arapaho by the 3rd Colorado Volunteers under Col John Chivington , during an unprovoked attack on Cheyenne peace chief Black Kettle 's camp at Sand Creek, Colorado, on 29 November 1864. Although Chivington's actions were praised in Denver, the capital of Colorado, when news of the mutilated bodies of women and children leaked to the press in the East, the massacre was condemned by the rest of the US nation. Background to the massacre The roots of the events at Sand Creek lay in the massive westward expansion of the USA from the 1840s onwards. The US government attempted to solve the competing demands for land and resources between the USA and the American Indians in the East by the Indian Removal Act and Permanent Indian Frontier policy of 1830, which relocated almost all the Indian peoples to the Permanent Indian Domain of the Great Plains , west of the Mississippi. However, the policy failed before the end of 1830s. An increasing flood of Americans, …
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Full text Article Sand Creek Massacre

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(Nov. 29, 1864) Surprise attack by U.S. troops on a Cheyenne camp. A force of about 675 men, mostly Colorado volunteers under Col. John M. Chivington, attacked several hundred Cheyenne camped on Sand Creek near Fort Lyon in southeastern Colorado Territory. The Indians had been conducting peace…
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Full text Article Sand Creek massacre

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Slaughter of 450 Cheyenne and Arapaho by the 3rd Colorado Volunteers under Col John Chivington , during an unprovoked attack on Cheyenne peace chief Black Kettle 's camp at Sand Creek, Colorado, on 29 November 1864. Although Chivington's actions were praised in Denver, the capital of Colorado, when…
| 1,946 words
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Full text Article Little Bear: Account of the Sand Creek Massacre

From The Schlager Anthology of Westward Expansion: A Student's Guide to Essential Primary Sources
1891 photograph of Little Bear (National Park...
Author Little Bear Date 1906 Type Essays, Reports, Manifestos Signifigance Demonstrated that the 1864 event at Sand Creek was not a battle but a massacre Overview The Sand Creek Massacre of November 29, 1864, had its roots in events months old at the time it took place. A white family had been…
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Full text Article Joseph Cramer: Letter to Major Ed Wynkoop about the Sand Creek Massacre

From The Schlager Anthology of Westward Expansion: A Student's Guide to Essential Primary Sources
Cheyenne eyewitness Howling Wolf's depiction of...
Author Joseph Cramer Date 1864 Type Letters/Correspondence Signifigance U.S. military officer's eyewitness description of the Sand Creek Massacre Overview In late November 1864, as the U.S. Civil War rose to its bloody climax in Georgia and Virginia, a related disaster occurred in what was then the…
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Sand Creek Massacre, November 29, 1864, by Robert Lindneux, Native American Wars, United States, 19th century
Credit: Sand Creek Massacre, November 29, 1864, by Robert Lindneux, Native American Wars, United States, 19th century / De Agostini Picture Library / The Bridgeman Art Library Description: Sand Creek Massacre, November 29, 1864, by Robert Lindneux. Native American Wars, United States, 19th century. …
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Full text Article CHEYENNE

From Cassell's Peoples, Nations and Cultures Full text Article The Americas
Cheyenne
A Native North American nation of the northern and central Great Plains. Their name comes from the sioux and means ‘people who are alike’, though they call themselves Tsitsitas , meaning ‘our people’. The Northern Cheyenne acquired European horses by 1800 and adopted a nomadic hunting and gathering…
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Full text Article Colonel John Milton Chivington (litho)

From Bridgeman Images: Peter Newark American Pictures
Colonel John Milton Chivington (litho)
Artist: American School, (19th century) Location: Private Collection Credit: Colonel John Milton Chivington (litho), American School, (19th century) / Private Collection / Peter Newark American Pictures / The Bridgeman Art Library Date: 19th c. Medium: lithograph Description: Colonel Chivington…
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Full text Article Nelson Appleton Miles (b/w photo)

From Bridgeman Images: Peter Newark American Pictures
Nelson Appleton Miles (b/w photo)
Artist: American Photographer, (19th century) Location: Private Collection Credit: Nelson Appleton Miles (b/w photo), American Photographer, (19th century) / Private Collection / Peter Newark American Pictures / The Bridgeman Art Library Date: 19th c. Medium: black and white photograph Description: …
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Full text Article Chivington, John

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
US soldier and Methodist minister. He was regarded as a hero during the American Civil War (1861–65) for defending Colorado against the Confederates at the Battle of Glorietta Pass in 1862, but as a villain for leading the Sand Creek massacre of 1864, an unprovoked attack by US Army volunteers on…
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Full text Article ARAPAHO

From Cassell's Peoples, Nations and Cultures Full text Article The Americas
A Native North American nation of the western and southern Great Plains of North America. Their name perhaps comes from the CROW and means ‘people of many tattoos’. Nomadic hunters, gatherers and traders, they spoke an Algonquian language. Acquiring European horses in the 1730s, they prospered as…
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