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VI.85 Norbert Wiener

From The Princeton Companion to Mathematics
Wiener was just eighteen years old when, in 1913, he was awarded a Ph.D. in logic while studying under Josiah Royce at Harvard University. Afterward, he studied with, among others, russell [VI.71] and hardy [VI.73] in Cambridge and hilbert [VI.63] in Göttingen. After doing work on ballistics for the military during World War II, he was appointed instructor of mathematics at the fledgling Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, where he remained for the rest of his career. Wiener was in many respects a nonconformist, certainly scientifically and mathematically, but also socially, culturally, politically, and philosophically. He was a precocious child and his home education by his father (a noted linguist and Harvard professor), along with his Jewish background in a society still stricken by anti- Semitism, made his nonconformism almost inevitable. Garrett Birkhoff, the son of george birkhoff [VI.78] , said the following in 1977: Wiener was notable as one of the few…
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Full text Article Wiener, Norbert

From Philip's Encyclopedia
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Full text Article Wiener, Norbert (1894–1964)

From The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology
mathematician and computer theorist Norbert Wiener's father, a professor of Slavonic languages at Harvard, supervised his early education. A child prodigy, Wiener began to read at 4, graduated from Tufts College at 14, entered Harvard, and received his PhD in mathematics at 18 with a dissertation…
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Full text Article Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964)

From The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Subject : biography, maths and statistics Place : United States of America US statistician whose main interest lay in devising the means to describe continuously changing conditions and phenomena. His work in a number of fields involving such random processes led him to develop, and later to…
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US academic, who studied mathematics with Bertrand Russell and taught at MIT. His work contributed to the development of the understanding of information systems. He coined the word cybernetics to describe the science of feedback control in systems. The automatic machine, whatever we think of any…
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Full text Article Wiener Norbert (1894-1964)

From The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics
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Full text Article SCIENCE AND STATE

From Gaither's Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
American historian of science and technology The mighty edifice of government science dominated the scene in the middle and twentieth century as a Gothic cathedral dominated a thirteenth century landscape. The work of many hands over the years, it universally inspired admiration, wonder and fear. …
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Full text Article FAITH OF SCIENCE

From Gaither's Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician Reasoning leads us from premises to conclusion; it cannot start without premises…. [W]e…must believe that we have an inner sense of values which guides us as to what is to be heeded, otherwise we cannot start on our survey even of the physical world…. …
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Full text Article Wiener

From Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary Full text Article Biographical Names
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Full text Article CYBERNETICS

From Dictionary of Visual Discourse: A Dialectical Lexicon of Terms
From the Greek word for ‘piloting’, ‘governing’ or ‘steering’ ( kubernetes ). The science of control systems, especially self-monitoring machines and organic systems (today including the construction and investigation of cyborg culture). Modern cybernetics as a science of information and feedback…
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Full text Article ENTROPY

From Gaither's Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
German mathematician For the present I will confine myself to announcing as a result of my argument that if we think of that quantity which with reference to a single body I have called its entropy, as formed in a consistent way, with consideration of all the circumstances, for the whole universe, …
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