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Academic Dishonesty

From Encyclopedia of Law and Higher Education
Broadly stated, academic dishonesty involves the use by individuals in academia of unethical means such as fraud or plagiarism to achieve success in educational and job performance. Academic dishonesty by students, the primary focus of this entry, includes their copying or stealing examinations, cheating on examinations, plagiarizing reports and term papers, buying term papers, using a variety of strategies for crib notes, and, more recently, using cell phones or Internet connections in order to pass exams. Student infringement on copyright and intellectual property rights is especially prevalent when individuals plagiarize term papers. Examples of faculty dishonesty include falsifying data to gain research grants, plagiarizing materials in their published works, failing to reveal criminal records in employment interviews, exaggerating academic or work credentials, taking credit for articles that are ghostwritten by others, and fabricating or manipulating data to reach conclusions that…
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Full text Article Cheating in Academics

From Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology
Cheating in academics refers to actions on the part of students that violate the explicit rules or commonly accepted norms for examinations or assignments. Cheating occurs at all levels, from the primary grades though testing for licensure or certification in a profession. Although most research on…
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Full text Article Motivation is a key factor in whether students cheat (Mar. 2021)

From The Conversation: An Independent Source of Analysis from Academic Researchers
Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic caused many U.S. colleges to shift to remote learning in the spring of 2020, student cheating has been a concern for instructors and students alike. To detect student cheating, considerable resources have been devoted to using technology to monitor students online. …
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Full text Article Cognitive Dissonance

From The SAGE Encyclopedia of Higher Education
Cognitive dissonance theory was originally articulated in 1957 by Leon Festinger, a social psychologist who posited that incongruence between two cognitions (which may be ideas, attitudes, beliefs, feelings, or behaviors) creates psychological discomfort that individuals are motivated to resolve. …
| 1,192 words
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Full text Article Cheating

From Encyclopedia of Adolescence
Academic cheating refers to the use of unauthorized means of acquiring information in an assessment situation involving grading ( Garavalia et al. 2007 ): A teacher or professor is falsely led to believe that the student has completed something under a prescribed set of rules when, in fact, they did…
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Full text Article Plagiarism

From The SAGE Encyclopedia of Higher Education
Plagiarism is the use of others’ words or ideas without the appropriate acknowledgment. In the context of higher education, it has been defined as a form of academic misconduct involving a writing process which results in an inappropriate relationship between the new text and its source(s). …
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Full text Article Sense of Entitlement

From Encyclopedia of Adolescence
Researchers have defined the sense of entitlement as a “pervasive sense that one deserves more and is entitled to more than others” ( Campbell et al. 2004 , p. 31), as an “expectation of special favors without reciprocating” ( Emmons 1984 , p. 292), and as one of several features of narcissism, …
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Full text Article Revisionist History

From Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices
Broadly defined, revisionist history refers to efforts by scholars to revise the shared, conventional understanding of the past based on the examination or reexamination of historical evidence. In the context of the culture wars, revisionist history has taken on a pejorative connotation. Referred to…
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Full text Article Research Fraud and Misconduct

From Black's Medical Dictionary, 43rd Edition
Research misconduct is defined as behaviour by a researcher that falls short of accepted ethical and scientific standards – whether or not it was intentional. For example, the same data may be sent for publication to more than one medical journal, which might have the effect of their being counted…
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Full text Article Paglia, Camille (1947–)

From Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices
Social critic, writer, professor, and self-described pro-sex feminist Camille Paglia entered the fray of the culture wars with the publication of Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (1990), a controversial survey of Western literature and art. Her main thesis is…
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Full text Article George Santos indicted on fraud, money laundering and other criminal charges – 3 essential reads

From The Conversation: An Independent Source of Analysis from Academic Researchers
Even by today’s low ethical standards for politicians, George Santos is quite exceptional. The U.S. representative for New York’s 3rd Congressional District has been accused of lying about his education, work history, charitable activity, athletic prowess and even where he lives, among other things. …
| 516 words
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