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Aphids

From Encyclopedia of Insects
Aphids are remarkable, evolutionarily exquisite creatures, and are among the most successful insects. Aphid evolution has been shaped through nutrient-driven selection and by the host plants on which they feed, and aphids have responded by developing intricate life cycles and complex polymorphisms. These sap-feeding hemipterans have coped with a hostile world through developing an exceptionally high reproductive rate and passive wind-borne dispersal, a strategy in which individuals are quite expendable, but survival and prosperity of their genes are guaranteed. Because of their intriguing evolutionary adaptations, aphids were among our most worthy competitors as humans entered the agricultural era. MAJOR GROUPS AND HOST AFFILIATIONS Aphids, as the superfamily Aphidoidea, belong to the Hemipteran Sternorrhyncha with Aleyrodoidea (whiteflies), Psylloidea (jumping plant lice), and Coccoidea (scale insects and mealybugs). Aphidoidea has three families: Adelgidae (adelgids), Phylloxeridae…
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Full text Article Aphids

From Encyclopedia of Insects
Aphid diversity and morphs: (A) Aphis nerii...
Aphids are remarkable, evolutionarily exquisite creatures, and are among the most successful insects. Aphid evolution has been shaped through nutrient-driven selection and by the host plants on which they feed, and aphids have responded by developing intricate life cycles and complex polymorphisms. …
| 3,449 words , 3 images
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Full text Article APHIDS

From Garden Insects of North America
A. Winged and wingless forms of an aspen aphid....
More than 1,300 species of aphids (Aphididae family) occur in North America, including scores of species that are associated with and may be damaging to yard and garden plants. All are small, rarely exceeding inch, but they reproduce prolifically and frequently become extremely abundant. Normally…
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Full text Article aphid

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
or plant louse, tiny, usually green, soft-bodied, pear-shaped insect injurious to vegetation. It is also called greenfly and blight. Aphids are mostly under 1/4 in. (6 mm) long. Some are wingless; others have two pairs of transparent or colored wings, the front pair longer than the hind pair. In…
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Full text Article aphid

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Any of the family of small insects, Aphididae, in the order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera, that live by sucking sap from plants. There are many species, often adapted to particular plants; some are agricultural pests. In some stages of their life cycle, wingless females rapidly produce large numbers…
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Full text Article Social Aphids

From Encyclopedia of Social Insects
Social Aphids, Fig. 2 First-instar soldier (a)...
Aphids, sap-sucking insects of the family Aphididae (Hemiptera), are peculiar in adopting cyclical parthenogenesis. The life cycle begins with a sexually produced aphid called a “fundatrix,” followed by a number of asexually produced generations, leading to a single generation of sexual females and…
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Woolly alder aphid on maple. LACY L. HYCHE,...
Some aphids cover their body with long waxy threads, an effective deterrent to many natural enemies. Most of these “woolly” aphids are in the subfamily Pemphaginae 1 and generally share life cycle similarities, including an affinity for developing on the roots or stems of secondary (summer) hosts. …
| 651 words , 10 images
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Full text Article aphid

From The American Heritage(R) Dictionary of the English Language
aphid vetch aphids Megoura viciae Alamy AL Photo:...
Any of various small, soft-bodied insects of the superfamily Aphidoidea that feed by sucking sap from plants and that can reproduce asexually. Also called plant louse . [New Latin Aphis, Aphid-, type genus, coined by Carolus Linnaeus, perhaps as a back-formed singular *Aphīs, from plural *Aphīdes, …
| 115 words , 1 image
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Full text Article aphid

From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary
(plant louse). Any homopterous insect, aphids are nearly cosmopolitan in distribution and many are among the most serious pests of crops and orchards. They feed on plant juices, causing developmental anomalies, distorted growth, wilting, and/or gall formation; they transmit certain important viral…
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Full text Article GALL-MAKING APHIDS

From Garden Insects of North America
A. Poplar petiole gall on cottonwood. WHITNEY...
Although many species of aphids can curl developing leaves and needles, a few induce distinctive growth changes in plants substantial enough to be categorized as galls. Most of these aphids have complex life cycles that involve a primary winter host on which they produce galls and an alternate…
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Serviceberry plants damaged by root forms of the...
Various Pemphigus species 1 of aphids, sometimes known as petiolegall aphids , are root feeders during part of their life cycle. These winter as eggs on twigs of poplar and cottonwood and produce swellings on leaves, petioles, and stems of these plants in spring ( page 322 ). Winged stages fly from…
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