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Definition: Arctic Ocean from Philip's Encyclopedia

Ocean N of the Arctic Circle, between North America and Eurasia. Almost totally landlocked and the Earth's smallest ocean, it is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Norway. Connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Bering Strait, and to the Atlantic Ocean by the Davis Strait and Greenland Sea, it includes the Barents, Beaufort, Chukchi, Greenland, and Norwegian seas. There is animal life (plankton) in all Arctic water. Polar bears, seals, and gulls live up to c.88° N. Area: 14 million sq km (5.4 million sq mi).

Arctic Ocean

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Ocean surrounding the North Pole; area 14,000,000 sq km/5,405,400 sq mi. Because of the Siberian and North American rivers flowing into it, it has comparatively low salinity and freezes readily. The ocean comprises: Beaufort Sea off Canada/Alaska coast, named after British admiral Francis Beaufort ; oil drilling allowed only in winter because the sea is the breeding and migration route of the bowhead whales, staple diet of the local Inuit people; Greenland Sea between Greenland and Svalbard; Norwegian Sea between Greenland and Norway, which belongs physiographically to the same basin as the Atlantic Ocean; From west to east along the north coast of Russia: Barents Sea named after Willem Barents , which has oil and gas reserves and was strategically significant as the meeting point of the NATO and Warsaw Pact forces. The White Sea (Beloye More) is its southernmost gulf; Kara Sea (Kavaskoye More) renowned for bad weather and called the ‘great ice cellar’; Laptev Sea between Taimyr…
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The Arctic Ocean Area: 12,173,000 sq km...
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world. It is surrounded by Eurasia, Greenland and North America, and is, on average, approximately 1000 metres (3300 feet) deep – although in places it can reach six times this depth. There are four major basins separated by three oceanic ridges of which…
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean

From The Encyclopedia of Tourism and Recreation in Marine Environments
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world’s five oceans; it covers an area of approximately 13,986,000 km 2 within the Arctic Circle around the North Pole . It is bordered by Norway, Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland and has a coastline of 45,389 km. The ocean is nearly…
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
the smallest ocean, c.5,400,000 sq mi (13,986,000 sq km), located entirely within the Arctic Circle and occupying the region around the North Pole. Nearly landlocked, the Arctic Ocean is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Norway. The Bering Strait connects it with the Pacific Ocean…
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Full text Article THE ARCTIC OCEAN

From The Arctic Guide: Wildlife of the Far North Full text Article Map of the Arctic
The Arctic Ocean is the body of salt water that surrounds the North Pole and lies within the Arctic Circle. It is set apart by several unique features, including a cover of perennial ice and nearly complete encirclement by the landmasses of N Amer, Eurasia, and Greenland. The Arctic Ocean is the…
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Ocean centring approximately on the North Pole . Smallest of the world’s oceans, it is almost completely surrounded by the landmasses of Eurasia and North America, and it is distinguished by a cover of ice. Lands in it and adjacent to it include Point Barrow in Alaska, the Arctic Archipelago , …
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Ocean surrounding the North Pole; area 14,000,000 sq km/5,405,400 sq mi. Because of the Siberian and North American rivers flowing into it, it has comparatively low salinity and freezes readily. The ocean comprises: Beaufort Sea off Canada/Alaska coast, named after British admiral Francis Beaufort ; …
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Potential temperature and salinity...
Abstract The Arctic Ocean, the almost enclosed northernmost part of the North Atlantic, is characterized by cold high latitude climate and large river runoff, leading to strong stratification, which allows sea ice to form in winter and remain throughout summer. Most waters derive from the Atlantic…
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean Military Flotilla

From Encyclopedia of Seas: The Western Arctic Seas Encyclopedia
Arctic Ocean Military Flotilla – the establishment of A.O.M.F. was started by the order of July 19, 1916, and completed to a large extent by September 1916. The objective of A.O.M.F. was to ensure continuous operation of the sea lanes linking Russia with its Entente allies. A stretch of Barents Sea…
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean

From Encyclopedia of Seas: The Western Arctic Seas Encyclopedia
Arctic Ocean...
Arctic Ocean – one of the six volumes of “ The Atlas of the Oceans ,” a fundamental academic and cartographic work published in 1980. The volume contains maps and brief comments arranged by sections: ocean research history, bottom and shores, climate, hydrology (hydrophysics), hydrochemistry, …
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Full text Article Arctic Ocean, Northern Polar Sea

From Encyclopedia of Seas: The Western Arctic Seas Encyclopedia
“Arctic Ocean”...
Arctic Ocean, Northern Polar Sea – (obsolete names like Hyperborean Ocean, Siberian Ice Sea, Holy Sea, Northern Polar Sea were used along with the names “Arctic Ocean,” “Arctic Sea,” and others in eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries) in USSR the name “Arctic Ocean” was introduced…
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