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Definition: Black Sea from Philip's Encyclopedia

(Kara Sea) Inland sea between Europe and Asia, connected to the Aegean Sea by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. It receives many rivers (including the Danube) and is a major outlet for Russian shipping. Subject to violent storms in winter, it remains free of ice except in the remote NW. The Black Sea yields large quantities of fish (especially sturgeon). Area: 413,365sq km (159,662sq mi).

Black Sea

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Inland sea in southeast Europe, linked with the seas of Azov and Marmara, and via the Dardanelles strait with the Mediterranean; area 423,000 sq km/163,320 sq mi; maximum depth 2,245 m/7,365 ft, decreasing in the Sea of Azov to only 13.5 m/44 ft. It is bounded by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania, and the rivers Danube, Volga, Bug, Dniester and Dnieper flow into it, keeping salinity levels low. Uranium deposits beneath it are among the world's largest. About 90% of the water is polluted, mainly by agricultural fertilizers. The Black Sea is Europe's most polluted sea; rivers feeding it bring raw sewage, nitrates, phosphates, pesticides, heavy metals, and other pollutants from 13 countries. This is accelerating the natural accumulation at the bottom of the sea of a layer of hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, methane, and ethane, which is rising by 2 m/7 ft a year. Below a depth of 150 m/500 ft 90% of the water is anoxic (lacking in oxygen), mixing little with the surface…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
inland sea, c.159,600 sq mi (413,360 sq km), between SE Europe and Asia, connected with the Mediterranean Sea by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. It is c.750 mi (1,210 km) from east to west, up to 350 mi (560 km) wide, and has a maximum depth of 7,364 ft (2,245 m). Its largest…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present Full text Article A-Z Entries
An inland sea located between southeast Europe and western Asia that borders Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Georgia; it covers approximately 180,000 square miles with an average depth of 4,200 feet. The Black Sea is connected with the Mediterranean Sea by way of the Bosporus, the…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Science Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia of Marine Science
The Black Sea is a marginal or inland sea with an area of approximately 160,000 square miles (414,400 km 2 ) and a large basin at a depth of approximately 1,200 fathoms (7,200 feet, [2,195 m]). Turkey to the south, Georgia to the east, Russia and Ukraine to the north, and Romania and Bulgaria to the…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Sea between Europe and Asia. Bordered by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania, it has a maximum depth of 7,250 ft (2,210 m). The Black Sea proper has an area of 163,000 sq mi (422,000 sq km). It is connected with the Aegean Sea through the Bosporus , the Sea of Marmara , and the…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Encyclopedia of Ancient Rome
Body of water that stretched from the northern shores of the province of BITHYNIA to the rest of Asia Minor, to the Caucusus, Thrace, Moesia, and Scythia. The Black Sea was of considerable importance to the Romans because of its location and because of the economic activity centered upon it. …
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Full text Article Black Sea

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Inland sea in southeast Europe, linked with the seas of Azov and Marmara, and via the Dardanelles strait with the Mediterranean; area 423,000 sq km/163,320 sq mi; maximum depth 2,245 m/7,365 ft, decreasing in the Sea of Azov to only 13.5 m/44 ft. It is bounded by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, …
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Bathymetric chart of the Black Sea adapted...
Abstract The article briefly describes the geographical settings of the Black Sea, early studies of its oceanographic features, water budget, weather and climate conditions driving the ocean currents, its unique water mass structure, and circulation patterns as well as their temporal and spatial…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Environmental History and Global Change: A Dictionary of Environmental History
A freshwater lake at the end of the last ice age, c.150 m lower than now. The narrow strip of land separating it from the Mediterranean is thought to have been breached by c.8.4 kya, an event perhaps linked to the draining of Lake Agassiz (Ryan & Pitman 1998, Ryan et al. 1997). There has been…
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Full text Article Black Sea during the Greek period

From Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World
Also known as: Euxine; Pontos Euxeinos; Pontus Euxinus This modern name refers to the 168,500-square-mile oblong sea bordering Asia Minor on the south and Ukraine and southwestern Russia on the north. Attractive for its access to Asia Minor's metal trade and Ukraine's vast wheatfields, the Black Sea…
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Full text Article Black Sea

From Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
Sea bet. Europe and Asia; ab. 180,000 sq. mi. (466,200 sq. km.); max. depth 7250 ft. (2210 m.); connected with Aegean Sea through the Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, and Dardanelles, and with the Sea of Azov, its N arm, by Kerch Strait; receives many rivers, esp.: Danube, Dniester, Bug, Dnieper, Kuban' …
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