Conditional probability is a mathematical description of the likelihood that a particular event will take place given the occurrence of a particular precursor event. Thus the probability of occurrence of event A is conditional on the probability of the prior occurrence of event B. Conditional probability is expressed as P (A\B), which is read as “the probability of A given B.” In order to calculate the conditional probability of an event, there must be a priori knowledge of both the probability that the first of the events will occur and the probability that both events will occur together. The basic probabilities of the events involved can be expressed by a Venn diagram, as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, the expressions used are defined as follows: P (A) is the probability of event A occurring alone P (B) is the probability of event B occurring alone P (A∩B) is the probability of both events A and B occurring together, or the joint probability (∩ is the mathematical symbol used to…