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Definition: Garvey, Marcus from Philip's Encyclopedia

US black nationalist leader, b. Jamaica. In 1914, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Garvey believed that black people could not achieve equality within white-dominated, Western countries. He created a 'back-to-Africa' movement, establishing the Black Star Line shipping company as a means of transport. By the 1920s, Garvey was the most influential US black leader. In 1922, the Black Star Line and the UNIA collapsed. Garvey was convicted of fraud and jailed (1925). He was pardoned by President Calvin Coolidge and deported to Jamaica (1927). Rastafarianism is influenced by his philosophy.


Garvey, Marcus

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
1887–1940, American proponent of black nationalism, b. Jamaica. At the age of 14, Garvey went to work as a printer's apprentice. After leading (1907) an unsuccessful printers' strike in Jamaica, he edited several newspapers in Costa Rica and Panama. During a period in London he took law classes and became interested in African history and black nationalism. His concern for the problems of blacks led him to found (1914) the Universal Negro Improvement Association and in 1916 he moved to New York City and opened a branch in Harlem. The UNIA was an organization designed “to promote the spirit of race pride.” Broadly, its goals were to foster worldwide unity among all blacks and to establish the greatness of the African heritage. The organization quickly spread in black communities throughout the United States, the Caribbean, and Central America, and soon had thousands of members. Garvey addressed himself to the lowest classes of blacks and rejected any notion of integration. Convinced…
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Full text Article Marcus Garvey: A Last Word Before Incarceration, June 17, 1923

From Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches
In laying the Negro low you but bring down the pillars of creation. As much as he preached African-American unity, Marcus Garvey created great division among black civil rights leaders with his questionable business methods and doctrines of racial purity and separatism. Both A. Phillip Randolph and…
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Full text Article Garvey, Marcus

From The Great American History Fact-Finder
Black nationalist leader. Garvey created a modern version of the “back to Africa” movement, believing that blacks would never achieve equality in countries where most of the people were white. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica in 1914 and acquired a huge following in…
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Full text Article Garvey, Marcus

From Philip's Encyclopedia
US black nationalist leader, b. Jamaica. In 1914, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Garvey believed that black people could not achieve equality within white-dominated, Western countries. He created a 'back-to-Africa' movement, establishing the Black Star Line shipping…
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Full text Article Garvey, Marcus 1887–1940

From Encyclopedia of Race and Racism
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born on August 17, 1887, in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Jamaica in 1914, after four years of travel in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Europe. In 1916 Garvey immigrated to the United States, where he quickly…
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Full text Article Garvey, Marcus (1887–1940)

From Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience
Marcus Garvey (Fisk University).
As founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), Jamaican-born black leader Marcus Moziah Garvey led one of the most powerful movements of the twentieth century. With Garvey's Black Star Shipping Line as its flagship asset, his Pan-Africanist "Back to Africa" Movement captivated…
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Marcus Garvey (1887–1940)
Journalist, Activist Born August 17, 1887, in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Garvey was the youngest of eleven children. Garvey moved to Kingston at the age of fourteen, found work in a print shop, and became acquainted with the abysmal living conditions of the laboring class. He quickly involved himself…
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Over his twenty-year career as leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), Marcus Mosiah Garvey routinely denounced the idea of foreign affairs as the exclusive province of state-sanctioned actors. To the chagrin of government officials in the United States and western Europe, …
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Full text Article Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) 1924 (b/w photo)

From Bridgeman Images: Peter Newark American Pictures
Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) 1924 (b/w photo)
Artist: American Photographer, (20th century) Location: Private Collection Credit: Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) 1924 (b/w photo), American Photographer, (20th century) / Private Collection / Peter Newark American Pictures / The Bridgeman Art Library Date: 1924 Medium: black and white photograph…
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Full text Article Marcus Garvey 1887–1940

From The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations
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