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Definition: GENOME from A Dictionary of Entomology

Noun. (Greek, genos = offspring. PL, Genomes.) 1. All of genes carried by an individual; complete set of genes in an organism. 2. Total genetic characteristics of a cell.

genome

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Full complement of genes carried by a single (haploid) set of chromosomes . The term may be applied to the genetic information carried by an individual or to the range of genes found in a given species. The human genome is made up of around 3 billion basepairs, most of which were reported in draft genome sequences obtained in 2003 by the Human Genome Project and by a commercial sequencing initiative launched by Craig Venter. Complete and final sequences for individual chromosomes have been reported since then, but the total number of human genes, now estimated to be close to 20,000, remains uncertain. The first genomes of cellular organisms to be sequenced in full were those of the bacteria Haemofilus influenzae and Mycoplasma genitalium , in 1995. Methanococcus jannaschii was the first representative of the Archaea (one of the three domains of cellular life, along with bacteria and the eukaryotes, which have complex cells with a nucleus) to be sequenced in full, in 1996, followed by…
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Full text Article Genome

From Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics
Genome
Abstract A genome represents the full complement of genetic material in a given organism, usually found in the nucleus of multicellular organisms but also including DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Genomes vary greatly across species in terms of total size and relative proportion of…
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Full text Article genome

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Full complement of genes carried by a single (haploid) set of chromosomes . The term may be applied to the genetic information carried by an individual or to the range of genes found in a given species. The human genome is made up of around 3 billion basepairs, most of which were reported in draft…
| 468 words
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Full text Article genome

From Penguin Dictionary of Biology
The total genetic material within a cell or individual, depending upon context. A bacterial genome comprises a circular chromosome containing an upper limit of about 0.01 pg (1 picogram=10 -12 g) of DNA; a haploid mammalian genome contains from about 3 to 6 pg of DNA, while some amphibia and…
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Full text Article genome

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
all the genetic content contained within an organism. An organism’s genome is made up of molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) that form long strands that are tightly wound into chromosomes , which are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms. …
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Full text Article Genome

From Keywords for Environmental Studies
To many scientists and nonscientists alike the term “genome” sounds quite modern and perhaps even a little like science fiction. The contemporary glow surrounding “genome” may stem from its connection in people's minds with the recent unraveling of the sequence of the human ( Homo sapiens ) genome—a…
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Full text Article genome

From Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology
A term which is used with various meanings, including the following: (1) The genetic material of an organism. For example: (i) the chromosome in a bacterial cell (or one of each type of chromosome if more than one type is present—e.g. both the small and large chromosomes in Vibrio cholerae [Nature…
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Full text Article GENOME

From Gaither's Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
English science writer The truth is that nobody is in charge. It is the hardest thing for human beings to get used to, but the world is full of intricate, cleverly designed and interconnected systems that do not have control centers. The economy is such a system. The illusion that economies run…
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Full text Article The Genome

From The Human Body Book: An Illustrated Guide to Its Structure, Function and Disorders Full text Article Integrated Body
Useful and “useless” Only 3% of the genome’s DNA...
A genome is the full set of genetic instructions for a living thing, controlling its development from a single cell into a complex, adult body. The human genome consists of an estimated 30,000–35,000 genes, carried on the double set of 46 chromosomes found in nearly every kind of body cell. The…
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Full text Article Genome Size

From Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics
The range of C-values (expressed as...
Abstract This article is about genome size, the mass of DNA in the genome of a cell. Living organisms show extensive variation in genome size that shows only a very loose, if any, relationship to organismal complexity. So while bacteria have smaller genomes than animals or plants, for example, some…
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Full text Article Genome Organization

From Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics
This article highlights important aspects of the genome architectures of humans, a number of mammals, fish, invertebrates, fungi, plants, protoctists, and bacteria. Many of the differences in genome size and organization among organisms at the same morphological grade are due to variations in the…
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