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Definition: Mahmud II from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary

Mahmud II 1785–1839 Ottoman sultan (1808–39)


Mahmud II

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
1784–1839, Ottoman sultan (1808–39), younger son of Abd al-Hamid I . He was raised to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) upon the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV , and continued the reforms of his cousin, Selim III . During his reign, the Eastern Question assumed increasing importance. Mahmud inherited the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12, which ended with Turkey's loss of Bessarabia . However, Russia was obliged to end its support of the Serbian rebels under Karageorge , and Serbia returned (1813) to Turkish control. In 1817, Mahmud recognized Miloš as prince of Serbia, a Turkish vassal. He suppressed (1822) the rebellion of Ali Pasha and defeated the Greeks in the first phase of the Greek War of Independence. At the height of his power he ruthlessly carried out (1826) a long-cherished project—the destruction of the Janissaries . The Turkish successes in Greece were largely due to the troops sent by the viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali , under the command of Ibrahim Pasha . …
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Full text Article Mahmud II

From Philip's Encyclopedia
| 74 words
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Full text Article Mahmud II

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
1784–1839, Ottoman sultan (1808–39), younger son of Abd al-Hamid I . He was raised to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) upon the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV , and continued the reforms of his cousin, Selim III . During his reign, the Eastern Question assumed increasing importance. …
| 328 words
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Full text Article Mahmud II

From Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary Full text Article Biographical Names
| 13 words
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Full text Article Mahmud II (1785–1839)

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Ottoman sultan from 1808 who attempted to Westernize the declining empire, carrying out a series of far-reaching reforms in the civil service and army. The pressure for Greek independence after 1821 led to conflict with Britain, France, and Russia, and he was forced to recognize Greek independence…
| 138 words
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Portrait of Mahmud II (Istanbul, 1789-1839), Sultan of Ottoman Empire, watercolor, 19th century
Location: Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art, Istanbul, Turkey Credit: Portrait of Mahmud II (Istanbul, 1789-1839), Sultan of Ottoman Empire, watercolor, 19th century / Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art, Istanbul, Turkey / De Agostini Picture Library / G. Costa / The Bridgeman Art Library…
| 131 words , 1 image
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Full text Article Mahmud II

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
| 80 words
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Full text Article Sultan Mahmud II in Procession, 1809 (w/c on paper)

From Bridgeman Images: The Bridgeman Art Library
Sultan Mahmud II in Procession, 1809 (w/c on paper)
| 74 words , 1 image
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Sultan Mahmud II (1785-1839) 1829 (coloured engraving)
| 71 words , 1 image
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Full text Article Mahmud II (1785 to 1839)

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
| 66 words
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Full text Article Janissaries, Massacre of the

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
Also known as the ‘Auspicious Incident’, the massacre was the result of a revolt of the Janissaries against the formation of the élite Eskinciyan corps, which they perceived as the usurper of their own privileged position. The Ottoman Sultan, Mahmud II , had been paving the way for the dissolution…
| 172 words
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