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Morgenstern, Oskar

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
German-born economist, born in Silesia. He developed the group of mathematical theories known as game theory in conjunction with Hungarian-born US scientist and mathematician John Von Neumann . They co-authored Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944) Morgenstern met Von Neumann at the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton University, New Jersey, and persuaded him of the potential application of game theory, a structure developed by Von Neumann in the 1920s, to economics. Their book created enormous interest and new applications of their approach to economics, sociology, and law were popular in the 1950s. This initial impetus began to peter out in the 1960s only to regain popularity in the 1970s with the appearance of the non-cooperative game theory. By the end of the 20th century the dominance of game theory in economics, was so marked as to make it one of the principal tools of economic investigation. Morgenstern was born in Silesia, Germany. He attended high school and…
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Full text Article Morgenstern, Oskar (1902–1977)

From The AMA Dictionary of Business and Management
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Full text Article Von Neumann, John (or Johann)

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Hungarian-born US scientist and mathematician, a pioneer of computer design. He invented his ‘rings of operators’ (called Von Neumann algebras ) in the late 1930s, and also contributed to set theory, game theory, quantum mechanics, cybernetics (with his theory of self-reproducing automata, called…
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Full text Article EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY

From Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories
= utility theory. The Hungarian-born American mathematician John von Neumann (1903-1957) and the German-born American economist Oskar Morgenstern (1902-1977) formulated the modern version of expected utility theory of decision-making which indicates that a human decision-maker chooses…
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Full text Article game theory

From Encyclopedia of Ethics
Game theory is a methodology or framework for cataloging and analyzing the effects of STRATEGIC INTERACTION between individuals. Although it has forerunners, it originated as a general approach in the massive work of John von Neumann (1903-1957) and Oscar Morgenstern (1902-1977) in the early 1940s. …
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Full text Article Chronology of actors by year of birth

From The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Actors and Acting
Birth Death Quintus Roscius Gallus 126 BCE 62 BCE Kan’ami Kiyotsugu 1333 1384 Zeami Motokiyo 1363 1443 Angelo Beolco 1496 1542 Yan Rong 1522 1567 Wei Liangfu 1526 1570 Vincenza Armani 1530 1569 Francesco Andreini 1548 1624 Tristano Martinelli 1557 1630 Isabella Andreini 1562 1604 William Shakespeare…
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Full text Article Index of actors, directors, teachers, and theorists of acting

From The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stage Actors and Acting
Index references to individuals who are the topic of entries are in small caps ; this index also includes references to selected theatre artists, with their dates of birth and death. Aalberg, Ida Aalberg Ida (b. Janakkala, Finland, 4 December 1857; d. St Petersburg, 17 January 1915). Abba, Marta…
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Full text Article GERMAN POETRY

From The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
I. Medieval II. Early Modern III. Seventeenth Century IV. Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries V. Nineteenth Century VI. Twentieth Century I. Medieval The written record of Ger. poetry begins ... …
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Full text Article GERMAN POETRY

From The Princeton Handbook of World Poetries
I. Medieval II. Early Modern III. Seventeenth Century IV. Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries V. Nineteenth Century VI. Twentieth Century The written record of Ger. poetry begins in the early 9th c. Charlemagne's biographer Einhard attests to the emperor's interest in preserving pre-Christian…
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Full text Article von Neumann, John (1903-57)

From The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics
Hungarian-American mathematician best known for his work with Oskar Morgenstern which led to their The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944). He also made a major contribution to the development of the modern computer both as a practical design problem and as a means of investigating general…
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Full text Article Game Theory

From The Oxford Companion to International Relations
A branch of mathematics, game theory is used to analyze competitive situations whose outcomes depend not only on one's own choices, and perhaps chance, but also on the choices made by other parties, or “players.” Because the outcome of a game is dependent on what all players do, each player tries to…
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