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Napster

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
In computing, a file-sharing system that operates over the Internet , created by Shawn Fanning in 1999. Although Napster could be used to share any kind of file, its success was in enabling people to share media files, and especially MP3s . This resulted in large-scale copyright infringements by Napster users. Napster was forced to close down in 2001, and in 2002 reorganized to offer a secure music file-sharing service that aimed to benefit both music artists and consumers. Files were stored on individual Napster users' hard disks and indexed by Napster's servers. Users then searched the indexes for an artist or a song they were looking for and then downloaded it from the appropriate Napster user's hard disk. Because not all Napster users were online at the same time, the availability of files varied over time. In December 1999, Napster was taken to court by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), which interpreted Napster as software expressly designed to infringe…
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Full text Article Napster

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
In computing, a file-sharing system that operates over the Internet , created by Shawn Fanning in 1999. Although Napster could be used to share any kind of file, its success was in enabling people to share media files, and especially MP3s . This resulted in large-scale copyright infringements by…
| 255 words
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Full text Article Napster

From Dictionary of Computing
a trade name for software that allows users to share files, usually MP3-format music files, over the Internet COMMENT: Napster was originally used to distribute and share MP3 files with a personal recording of a commercial artist in an efficient way. The software, developed by Shawn Fanning, allowed…
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Full text Article Napster

From The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin
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Movies, computer software, and music are all forms of intellectual property—products of human intelligence. As technology has evolved from analog technology to digital technology, it has become easier to store and transmit types of intellectual property over the Internet from one computer user to…
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Full text Article PEER-TO-PEER

From 100 Ideas that Changed the Web
And justice for all? In 1999 Shawn Fanning created a downloadable program that allowed him to share music with his friends. He called it Napster. Within days the 19-year-old had a lot of friends – 1,500 of them. He had created the first peer-to-peer (P2P) network. A computer network that allowed the…
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What to Learn from Pirates
Ideas for Leaders #114 Authors Vergne, Jean-Philippe Institutions Ivey Business School at Western University Source Ivey Business Journal Idea Conceived 2013 Key Concept Pirate companies may be viewed by ‘legitimate’ business as cheaters and rogues, but research by Professor Jean-Philippe Vergne of…
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Full text Article download

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Music obtained on the Internet and downloaded to a personal computer or music player. The downloading of music in the form of MP3 files from Web sites began with the release of a free music player (called WinAmp) in 1998. In 1999, a peer-to-peer file-trading program called Napster was created by a…
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Full text Article Peer‐to‐Peer Content

From The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society
audiovisual content commodity community file sharing gift economy intellectual property rights media industry popular culture social networks surveillance Abstract This entry provides an overview of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) content, with a particular focus on the sharing of audiovisual content (such as…
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Full text Article file-sharing and P2P networks

From Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
File-sharing services allow participants to provide access to files on their personal computers, such as music or video. In turn, the user can browse the service to find and download material of interest. The structure is generally that of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network with no central server. The…
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Full text Article Middelhoff, Thomas

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
German-born business executive. With six years marketing experience behind him, Middelhoff joined Bertelsmann in 1986, and was appointed to the board in 1994. As head of corporate development at Bertelsmann, Middelhoff persuaded a sceptical board to make a $50 million investment in the emerging AOL…
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