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Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

From Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa
The Qing dynasty was the last dynasty of China. It is also known for having been established by “foreign invaders”—the Manchus—rather than by ethnic Han Chinese. This proved to be a persistent and underlying problem throughout the dynasty's reign, particularly as sentiments of ethnic nationalism began to surface with the weakening of central state power near the end of the 18th and early 19th centuries. As such, although the first half of Qing rule was characterized by social progress and stability because of the able leadership of the dynasty's early emperors, the Qing soon succumbed to the all-too-familiar story of dynastic growth and decline. Such a fate was made even more inevitable with the interplay of popular uprisings, inefficient government, and Western encroachment. In 1636, Hong Taiji established the Qing dynasty, thereby becoming the dynasty's first emperor, having also changed the name of his people from Jurchen to Manchu. He was the eighth son and successor of Nurgaci…
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Following the overthrow of the Ming Dynasty by the Qing Dynasty in 1644, production at Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province was severely disrupted until 1677, when one of the classic eras of porcelain production began. This lasted until c .1750. Blue and white dominated the export market during this…
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During the Qianlong reign period (1736–95) the directorship of the imperial kilns passed from imperial officials to regional supervisors, and from that time there followed a slow decline in the quality of wares from Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province. While some fine pieces continued to be made, there…
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Full text Article Qing dynasty

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(1644–1911/12) Last of the imperial dynasties in China. The name Qing was first applied to the dynasty established by the Manchu in 1636 in Manchuria and then applied by extension to their rule in China. During the Qing dynasty, China’s territory and population expanded tremendously. Cultural…
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The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was the last of 24 dynasties in Chinese history and one of the most successful. The transition from its predecessor the Ming dynasty, was one of the least disruptive in Chinese history. In the territory it controlled the Qing was the second largest in Chinese history, …
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The Qing (1644–1911) was China's last imperial dynasty and the second of nomadic origin that ruled the entire Chinese world. Its success is due to capable and wise founders and their long-reigning immediate successors, whose admiration for Chinese culture led them to assimilate rapidly, and to…
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Full text Article Qing Dynasty

From Chambers Dictionary of World History
Qing Dynasty
The last dynasty of imperial China, it was founded by the Manchus following their conquest of China in 1644. Kangxi (1661/1722) made concerted attempts to suppress corruption and reduce taxation and was also a great patron of the arts and sciences. During his reign, Jesuit missionaries from France…
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The Chinese tributary system dated to the Han dynasty (202 B.C.E. –220 C.E. ). It reflected the Chinese worldview that China was the center of the civilized world, and that all lands desiring relations with China must be tributary states. The Qing (Ch'ing) tributary system was inherited from its…
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Detail of a funerary robe, Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) (satin)
Artist: Chinese School, (18th century) Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA Credit: Detail of a funerary robe, Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) (satin), Chinese School, (18th century) / Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA / Photo © Boltin Picture Library / The Bridgeman Art Library…
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The Treaty of Shimonoseki also known as the Treaty of Maguan, was ratified in China, April 17, 1895, between the Japanese Empire and the Qing Dynasty, putting an end to the First Sino-Japanese War. First Sino-Japanese War, China, 19th century.
Credit: The Treaty of Shimonoseki also known as the Treaty of Maguan, was ratified in China, April 17, 1895, between the Japanese Empire and the Qing Dynasty, putting an end to the First Sino-Japanese War. First Sino-Japanese War, China, 19th century. / De Agostini Picture Library / G. Dagli Orti / …
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Treaty of Shimonoseki also known as Treaty of Maguan, was ratified in China, April 17, 1895, between Japanese Empire and Qing Dynasty, putting end to First Sino-Japanese War, First Sino-Japanese War, China, 19th century
Credit: Treaty of Shimonoseki also known as Treaty of Maguan, was ratified in China, April 17, 1895, between Japanese Empire and Qing Dynasty, putting end to First Sino-Japanese War, First Sino-Japanese War, China, 19th century / De Agostini Picture Library / G. Dagli Orti / The Bridgeman Art…
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