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reparations

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
payments or other compensation offered as an indemnity for loss or damage. Although the term is used to cover payments made to Holocaust survivors and to Japanese Americans interned during World War II in so-called relocation camps (and used as well to describe compensation sought by many African Americans for enslavement of blacks prior to the Civil War), in 20th-century world history reparations are the payments sought by the victorious nations of World War I and World War II as compensation for material losses and suffering caused by war. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) formally asserted Germany's war guilt and ordered it to pay reparations to the Allies. The United States did not ratify the treaty and waived all claims on reparations. A reparations commission fixed sums in money; some payments were to be in kind (i.e., coal, steel, ships). The chaotic German economy and German government resistance made it difficult for the Allies to collect amounts due them, and they in turn…
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Full text Article reparations

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
payments or other compensation offered as an indemnity for loss or damage. Although the term is used to cover payments made to Holocaust survivors and to Japanese Americans interned during World War II in so-called relocation camps (and used as well to describe compensation sought by many African…
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Full text Article reparations

From Encyclopedia of African-American Politics
The word reparations refers to the idea that African Americans should be compensated for the damages inflicted on them by slavery, neo-slavery, segregation, and discrimination. The idea first emerged after the Civil War, when there was discussion by some of the Radical Republicans in Congress of…
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Full text Article Reparations

From Encyclopedia of Race and Racism
Pro-Reparations Demonstration, 2002. The US...
When a government commits an atrocity, such as slavery or genocide, criminal prosecution of the officials empowered to act in the name of the government often follows. Such pursuit of retributive justice may be necessary, but is it a sufficient form of redress? Many international human rights…
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Full text Article Reparations

From Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice
The African American cultural context is certainly not the only context in which to discuss reparations. To name a few other examples, one can consider the United States granting of monies to Japanese Americans formerly interned. One can consider the German granting of monies to Jewish Holocaust…
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Full text Article Reparations

From Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience
SNCC executive secretary James Forman issued the...
The concept of reparations, which is compensation for injuries against a nation or people, was not a twentieth-century phenomenon among African Americans. Near the end of the nineteenth century, Callie House, a former slave from Tennessee, emerged as a leader in the movement to petition the U.S. …
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Full text Article Holocaust reparations

From Encyclopedia of World Religions: Encyclopedia of Judaism
The term reparations usually refers to compensation paid to victims following a war by the country that inflicted the damage, as for example the reparations paid by Germany to the victorious Allies following World War I. In the Jewish context, the term usually refers to Holocaust reparations, …
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Since Woodrow Wilson rejected indemnities, World War I's victors required reparation for civilian damage done from the losers, ostensibly to ease reconstruction costs. All of the 1920 treaties written at Paris contained reparations clauses, although only Germany could pay appreciably. Article 231 of…
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Full text Article Reparations, Japanese Internment

From Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices
In early 1942, shortly after America entered World War II, the U.S. government undertook a massive program of relocation and internment of people of Japanese ancestry—including U.S. citizens (about 60 percent of the total) as well as resident aliens. This coincided with a smaller effort affecting…
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6/21/2022 Reparations are payments (monetary and otherwise) given to a group that has suffered harm. For example, Japanese-Americans who were interned in the United States during World War II have received reparations. [ 1 ] Arguments for reparations for slavery date to at least Jan. 12, 1865, when…
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