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sculpture

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
art of producing in three dimensions representations of natural or imagined forms. It includes sculpture in the round, which can be viewed from any direction, as well as incised relief , in which the lines are cut into a flat surface. See also articles on special techniques, e.g., model and modeling . Sculpture embraces such varied techniques as modeling, carving, casting, and construction—techniques that materially condition the character of the work. Whereas modeling permits addition as well as subtraction of the material and is highly flexible, carving is strictly limited by the original block from which material must be subtracted. Carvers, therefore, have sometimes had recourse to construction in which separate pieces of the same or different material are mechanically joined together. Casting is a reproduction technique that duplicates the form of an original whether modeled, carved, or constructed, but it also makes possible certain effects that are impractical in the other…
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During the 19th century Paris was considered the home of sculpture and attracted sculptors from all over Europe and the USA. They studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts and submitted their work to the salons for exhibition. Only selected work would be displayed at one of the prestigious annual salon…
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Full text Article SCULPTURE

From Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850
Francois Rude, Arc de Triomphe: La Marseillaise....
In 1866 the French critic and novelist Theophile Gautier published his obituary for the Romantic movement, and in it he examined what he saw as the failure of sculpture to participate in this movement: “One can say that this art, so noble and so pure, thrives even today on the antique tradition, and…
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Full text Article sculpture

From Philip's Encyclopedia
Art of creating forms in three dimensions, either in the round or in relief. Techniques employed include carving (in wood, stone, marble, ivory, etc.), modelling (in clay, wax, etc.), or casting (in bronze and other metals). The history of sculpture parallels that of painting . The early…
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Full text Article sculpture

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
art of producing in three dimensions representations of natural or imagined forms. It includes sculpture in the round, which can be viewed from any direction, as well as incised relief , in which the lines are cut into a flat surface. See also articles on special techniques, e.g., model and modeling…
| 1,237 words
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Full text Article Sculpture

From Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present Full text Article A-Z Entries
Ancient Greek sculpture has exerted a widespread...
The three-dimensional object that results from the manipulation of virtually any material, regardless of whether intended as a purely aesthetic object. As a category, sculpture includes a wide array of objects, from the forty-ton winged bulls carved from stone in eighth-century B.C.E. Assyria to the…
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Full text Article Sculpture

From Encyclopedia of American Studies
Flamingo. Federal Plaza, Chicago. 1974. Alexander...
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Full text Article SCULPTURE

From The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
American sculpture conceived in the spirit of the European Enlightenment occurred belatedly (c. 1785-1850) and was inextricably bound up with the ideas of democracy, neoclassicism, and the foremost goals of reason: hope, freedom, justice, and peace and prosperity. With the positive outcome of the…
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Full text Article sculpture

From Aesthetics A-Z
In comparison to art history and anthropology , aesthetics has shown relatively little interest in the art of sculpture. Sculpture shares many of its general philosophical characteristics and concerns with painting . Taken as a primarily visual art, sculpture is regarded as representational art, …
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Full text Article sculpture

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Artistic shaping of materials such as wood, stone, clay, metal, and, more recently, plastic and other synthetics. Since ancient times, the human form has been the principal subject of sculpture around the world; the earliest prehistoric human artefacts include sculpted stone figurines. Many…
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Full text Article sculpture

From The American Heritage(R) Dictionary of the English Language
The art or practice of shaping figures or designs in the round or in relief, as by chiseling marble, modeling clay, or casting in metal. a. A work of art created by sculpture. b. Such works of art considered as a group. Ridges, indentations, or other markings, as on a shell, formed by natural…
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