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slavery

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
The enforced servitude of one person (a slave) to another or one group to another. A slave has no personal rights and is considered the property of another person through birth, purchase, or capture. Slavery goes back to prehistoric times; it flourished in classical times, but declined in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. During the imperialistic eras of Spain, Portugal, and Britain in the 16th to 18th centuries, and in the American South in the 17th to 19th centuries, slavery became a mainstay of an agricultural labour-intensive economy, with millions of Africans sold to work on plantations in North and South America. Millions more died during transportation, but the profits from this trade were enormous. Slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1833, in the USA at the end of the Civil War (1863–65), and in Brazil in 1888. Mauritania was the last country to abolish slavery, in 1981. However, slavery continues illegally in some countries today in the form of forced…
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Full text Article slavery

From Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology
A condition of subordination and domination involving forced labor and servitude, which has been present from the dawn of civilization ; it is a condition made possible through distinguishing insiders and outsiders, creating social groups who are possible to enslave, to dominate, and to make use of. …
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Full text Article Slavery

From World of Criminal Justice, Gale
Slaves picking cotton in a field (The Library of...
When one human being owns another human being, controlling that person’s life and liberty, that condition is known as slavery. Slavery has existed throughout history in many parts of the world. Slavery in the United States has not been legal since the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, but…
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Full text Article slavery

From The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology
As an institution, slavery is defined as a form of PROPERTY which gives to one person the right of ownership over another. Like any other means of production, the slave is ‘a thing’. Slave labour has existed under a variety of social conditions - in the ancient world, in the colonies of the West…
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Full text Article slavery

From Philip's Encyclopedia
Social system in which people are the property of their owner, and are compelled to work without pay. Slavery of some kind was common to practically all ancient societies, including the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks, and to most modern societies until the 19th century. An extreme form of…
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Full text Article Slavery

From The Great American History Fact-Finder
System of forced labor in which one person owns another as property. The first slaves were brought to Central and South America from Africa by the Spaniards before the founding of Jamestown. Dutch traders then followed, selling slaves to the Jamestown colonists as early as 1619 and eventually…
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Full text Article Slavery

From Encyclopedia of Women's Health
Slavery was one of the most brutal events in American history, yet in most history courses, little or no information is offered about the health and health care issues of slaves. Furthermore, the existing literature varies greatly in its description of the type of health care given to African/black…
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Full text Article slavery

From Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology
Despite the historical importance of slavery in many parts of the world anthropologists study, the subject remains somewhat marginal within the discipline. Much more has been written by historians, most of this dealing with the transatlantic trade during which more than 9 million Africans were…
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Full text Article Slavery

From The Classical Tradition
The study of slavery from classical antiquity to the present is the last bastion of Whig history. The general public takes for granted that every time slavery gives way to another form of labor, progress has been made. Even in academe, where progress now has the status of myth, the history of…
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Full text Article SLAVERY

From The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment
At first glance, slavery seems an unlikely Enlightenment project. Recent compendiums of slavery in the Americas barely mention the Enlightenment as a topic. Planters’ defense of slavery contradicted many Enlightenment principles. If we consider Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his pronouncements as…
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Full text Article slavery

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
historicially, an institution based on a relationship of dominance and submission, whereby one person owns another and can exact from that person labor or other services. Slavery has been found among many groups of low material culture, as in the Malay Peninsula and among some Native Americans; it…
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