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Definition: technology from Philip's Encyclopedia

Systematic study of the methods and techniques employed in industry, research, agriculture, and commerce. More often the term is used to describe the practical application of scientific discoveries to industry.


technology

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
The use of tools, power, and materials, generally for the purposes of production. Almost every human process for getting food and shelter depends on complex technological systems, which have been developed over a 3-million-year period. Significant milestones include the advent of the steam engine in 1712, the introduction of electricity and the internal combustion engine in the mid-1870s, and recent developments in communications, electronics , and the nuclear and space industries. The advanced technology (highly automated and specialized) on which modern industrialized society depends is frequently contrasted with the low technology (labour-intensive and unspecialized) that characterizes some developing countries. Intermediate technology is an attempt to adapt scientifically advanced inventions to less developed areas by using local materials and methods of manufacture. Appropriate technology refers to simple and small-scale tools and machinery of use to developing countries. Power In…
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Full text Article technology

From Encyclopedia of Intelligence & Counterintelligence
The rise of innovation and technology in the 20th...
In focusing the broad aspects of technology, this article is concerned with the practical effects of hard technological innovation, such as devices or gadgets, on organizations and occupations dealing with intelligence and counterintelligence. At the organizational level, there are three ways an…
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Full text Article technology

From Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology
Because of the ubiquitous and multifaceted role that it plays in the contemporary world, technology has come to have a number of different meanings for sociologists. Since the term was first coined in the early nineteenth century, it has served as both an abstract, general concept characterizing the…
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Full text Article technology

From The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology
In sociological usage, technology embraces all forms of productive technique, including hand-working, and is not synonymous with machinery as in some popular accounts. In the SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND EMPLOYMENT , the term also includes the physical organization of production; that is, the way in which…
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Full text Article Technology

From Key Concepts in Work
Technology can be defined in a narrower and a broader way. In its narrower use, technology refers to the equipment and techniques involved in the work process - the hardware and the software of different work systems. In its broader sense, technology can mean the overall ‘way of doing things’, …
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Full text Article Technology

From The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology
Few forces have more profoundly shaped the American experience than technology. This essay examines historians’ shifting understanding of the term, traces the major eras of technological change, and explores some of the factors that have influenced the pace and direction of that change. The meaning…
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Full text Article Technology

From Palgrave Key Concepts: Key Concepts in Innovation
Science and technology are necessary to innovation. Rosenberg (1972) defines technology as those tools, devices and knowledge that mediate between inputs and outputs to develop new products or services. This includes product technology (to develop new products) as well as process technology (to…
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Full text Article TECHNOLOGY

From Global Dictionary of Theology
Few factors and forces shaping our world are more significant than technology. It is commonplace to say we live in a technological era. * Globalization itself is largely made possible by technologies of transportation and communication. Technology continues to expand not only into all corners of our…
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Full text Article Technology

From The Encyclopedia of Aging
Longevity is perhaps the single greatest achievement of humankind in the past 100 years. In 1900 the average life expectancy was less than 50 years. Today, most adults have more than half of their adult life still ahead of them when they reach the age of 50. Technology and its relationship to older…
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Full text Article Technology

From SAGE Key Concepts series: Key Concepts in Operations Management Full text Article The Operations Function
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the change and manipulation of the human environment. DEFINING TECHNOLOGY The term technology is a combination of the Greek technē (’art’, or ‘craft’) with logos (’word’, ‘speech’) meaning a discourse on the arts, both fine and applied. In…
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Full text Article Technology

From SAGE Key Concepts series: Key Concepts in Sport Management
Technology refers to any system or method which enables the production of some good or service . The concept of technology can be defined and conceptualized in a variety of ways. However, from an organization theory perspective, we are interested in the effect technology has on an organization's…
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