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Xenophon

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
(zĕn'ӘfӘn), c.430 B.C. –c.355 B.C. , Greek historian, b. Athens. He was one of the well-to-do young disciples of Socrates before leaving Athens to join the Greek force (the Ten Thousand) that was in the service of Cyrus the Younger of Persia. These troops served Cyrus at the disastrous battle of Cunaxa (401 B.C. ). When Cyrus was killed, the Ten Thousand were forced to flee or surrender to the Persians. They retreated by fighting their way through an unknown and hostile land, harried by Tissaphernes. After the Greek generals had been treacherously killed by the Persians, Xenophon was chosen as one of the leaders of the heroic retreat. He tells the story in the most celebrated of his works, the Anabasis (see tr. by W. H. D. Rouse, 1947). After his return Xenophon, a great admirer of the military, disciplined, and aristocratic life of the Spartans, was in the service of Sparta. He accompanied Agesilaus II on the campaign that ended (394 B.C. ) in victory over the Athenians and Thebans at…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From Philip's Encyclopedia
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Full text Article Xenophon

From Encyclopedia of Ancient Literature
Also known as: Xenophon of Athens (b. 431 BCE –d. 350 BCE ) Greek soldier, historian, biographer The son of a prominent Athenian family, Xenophon was a memoirist, writer of fictionalized history, essayist, and student and protégé of Socrates. As an adventurer and observer, he attached himself to a…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From The Classical Tradition
Greek historian and philosopher (ca. 430-354 bce ), noted author on various subjects. Born into an aristocratic family in Athens, he trained as a cavalry officer and studied with Socrates. In 401 he joined a large expedition of mercenaries in the anabasis or inland march mounted by Cyrus the Younger…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
(born 431, Attica, Greece—died shortly before 350 bc , Attica) Greek historian. Born of a well-to-do Athenian family, Xenophon was critical of extreme democracy and for a time was exiled as a traitor. He served with the Greek mercenaries of the Persian prince Cyrus, an experience on which he based…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From Chambers Biographical Dictionary
c.435-c.354 bc Greek historian, essayist and soldier He was born in Attica, the son of Gryllus, an Athenian knight, and disciple of Socrates . He was a skilled soldier and inspirational leader of his armies, and saw action in several campaigns, including the 401 bc campaign with 10,000 Greek…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
(zĕn'ӘfӘn), c.430 B.C. –c.355 B.C. , Greek historian, b. Athens. He was one of the well-to-do young disciples of Socrates before leaving Athens to join the Greek force (the Ten Thousand) that was in the service of Cyrus the Younger of Persia. These troops served Cyrus at the disastrous battle of…
| 324 words
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Full text Article Xenophon (historian)

From Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World
An historian, military figure, and philosopher,...
Also known as: Xenophon of Athens (b. ca. 431–d. ca. 354 BCE ) Athenian historian and soldier Xenophon wrote several histories and treatises, but he is best remembered for producing the most exciting memoir from the ancient world—the Anabasis (“expedition to the interior”), describing his adventures…
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Full text Article Xenophon

From The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization
Xenophon, son of Gryllus, from the Athenian deme (local district; see democracy, athenian ) of Erchia, was born into a wealthy but politically inactive family around 430 bc . He presumably served in the cavalry and certainly (like other affluent young men) associated with *Socrates . This background…
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Full text Article Xenophon the Educator

From A History of Western Philosophy of Education
Ten Thousand in Retreat. Jean Adrien...
Xenophon of Athens ( c. 430–355 bce ) was a soldier, historian, and philosopher; perhaps surprisingly, all of his writings, covering a remarkable variety of subjects, have been preserved. His place in the history of education rests in part on his own considerable merits as a teacher, and those who…
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Full text Article XENOPHON

From A Dictionary of Classical Greek Quotations
C428-C354BC Historian and general from Athens 1 πραότατός γε μήν φίλοις ών έχθροίς φοβερώτατος ήν Most gentle with his friends, but formidable with his enemies. Agesilaus 11.10 of Agesilaus, King of Sparta 2 η μεν τού σώματος ίσχύς γηράσκει, η δε τής ψυχής ρώμη τών άγαθών άνδρών άγήρατός έστιν…
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