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International Labor Organization

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
(ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations, with headquarters in Geneva. It was created in 1919 by the Versailles Treaty and affiliated with the League of Nations until 1945, when it voted to sever ties with the League. In 1946 it became the first specialized agency of the United Nations. Although not a member of the League, the United States joined the ILO in 1934. Through international action and by bringing together representatives of government, employers, and labor, the ILO seeks to improve labor conditions, promote a higher standard of living, and further social justice. Promotion of international accord on such matters as regulation of hours of work, provision of adequate wages, protection of workers against occupational disease and injury, and protection of women and children and of those who work outside their own countries (who may be forced into labor through deceptive recruiting practices) accounts for much of its activities. The ILO consists of a general conference of…
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Full text Article International Labor Organization

From The Oxford Companion to International Relations
The International Labor Organization (ILO) is one of the oldest of the global international organizations. In his 1899 volume The United States of Europe , W. T. Stead wrote about traveling to “The Capital of the Continent,” Bern, Switzerland, which housed “the four international administrations” …
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Full text Article International Labor Organization

From The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy
The International Labor Organization (ILO) was created in the wake of World War I and the communist takeover of Russia with the narrow goal of improving working conditions around the world. The underlying objectives, however, were to avoid political instability by addressing issues of social justice…
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(ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations, with headquarters in Geneva. It was created in 1919 by the Versailles Treaty and affiliated with the League of Nations until 1945, when it voted to sever ties with the League. In 1946 it became the first specialized agency of the United Nations. …
| 333 words
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The International Labor Organization (ILO) is the paramount supranational organization to put in place international consensus on policies in regard to child labor. The ILO, headquartered in Geneva, came into existence in 1919 as part of the peace treaty at the end of World War I. It is a tripartite…
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Full text Article Labor employment

From International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management
Employment usually refers to the form of the contractual relationship between worker and employer. Employment in the hospitality industry is normally paid but there are significant exceptions. In some countries, including those that are industrialized, there is a high proportion of unpaid labor…
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Full text Article Dubinsky, David

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Russian-born US labour leader. He was a prominent figure in the labour movement, both in the USA and at an international level. As president of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU), he turned it into one of the USA's most successful unions. He was born in Brest Litovsk, Russia…
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Full text Article Shotwell, James Thomson

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
1874–1965, Canadian-American historian, b. Strathroy, Ont. A teacher of history at Columbia from 1900 and professor from 1908 to 1942, Shotwell also worked tirelessly to promote international understanding. He was an active member of several national and international labor, peace, and historical…
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Full text Article child labor

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
use of the young as workers in factories, farms, and mines. Child labor was first recognized as a social problem with the introduction of the factory system in late 18th-century Great Britain. Children had formerly been apprenticed (see apprenticeship ) or had worked in the family, but in the…
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When the International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) was created in 1992 to spearhead the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) efforts against child labor, statistical data available to estimate child labor were limited to labor force surveys intended to capture adult…
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Full text Article child labor

From The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy
There are an estimated 191 million economically active children ages 5 to 14 in the world today (ILO 2006). This corresponds to 16 percent of this age group. The images that pervade the popular press of children chained in factories, forced into prostitution, or coerced into a country’s military do…
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