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Definition: oceanography from Dictionary of Energy

Earth Science. the scientific study of the oceans, including geology, chemistry, life forms, and physical processes such as the motion of ocean waters. Thus, oceanographer.

oceanography

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Study of the oceans. Its subdivisions deal with each ocean's extent and depth, the water's evolution and composition, its physics and chemistry, the bottom topography, currents and wind, tidal ranges, biology, and the various aspects of human use. Computer simulations are widely used in oceanography to plot the possible movements of the waters, and many studies are carried out by remote sensing. Oceanography involves the study of water movements – currents, waves, and tides – and the chemical and physical properties of the seawater. It deals with the origin and topography of the ocean floor – ocean trenches and ridges formed by plate tectonics , and continental shelves from the submerged portions of the continents. History Interest in the ocean received great impetus from the laying of submarine telegraph cables in the 1850s. Before this, interest had been concentrated on the more practical aspects of navigation: the influence of currents on ships' courses and chartmaking. Many early…
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Until the middle of the 19th century, most scientists believed that life could not survive below around 400 fathoms - 700 metres (2300 feet) - but in 1869, Wyville Thompson dredged creatures from 2500 fathoms - 4600 metres (15,000 feet) - during the voyage of HMS Porcupine . The voyage of HMS…
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Full text Article oceanography

From Philip's Encyclopedia
One of the most important scientific voyages ever...
Study of the oceans . The major subdisciplines of oceanography include marine geology ( see plate tectonics ), marine biology , marine meteorology , and physical and chemical oceanography. The science of oceanography dates from the Challenger expedition (1872-76). Jacques Cousteau 's invention of…
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Full text Article oceanography

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
study of the seas and oceans. The major divisions of oceanography include the geological study of the ocean floor (see plate tectonics ) and features; physical oceanography, which is concerned with the physical attributes of the ocean water, such as currents and temperature; chemical oceanography, …
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Full text Article oceanography

From Science Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia of Marine Science
Oceanography is the study of the oceans and the atmosphere above the oceans. Oceanography has its basis in the scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. Therefore, the field of oceanography has been divided into four main branches, biological oceanography, chemical…
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Full text Article Oceanography

From The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology
Although oceanography—the study of the ocean and its physical, chemical, and biological components and processes—is one of the newest professional disciplines in the natural sciences, its roots extend back thousands of years. The oceans have been used for millennia for transportation and sustenance. …
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Full text Article The Oceanography Society

From Science Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia of Marine Science
A professional society with the overarching goals to (1) disseminate knowledge about oceanography and its application through research and education, (2) promote communication among oceanographers, and (3) provide a constituency for consensus-building across the many disciplines that make up…
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Full text Article oceanography

From The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
Study of the oceans. Its subdivisions deal with each ocean's extent and depth, the water's evolution and composition, its physics and chemistry, the bottom topography, currents and wind, tidal ranges, biology, and the various aspects of human use. Computer simulations are widely used in oceanography…
| 2,514 words
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Full text Article oceanographic institutes.

From The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
Oceanography is a multidisciplinary science that requires large and expensive facilities such as research ships , powerful computers, and the sophisticated instrumentation required for sampling and monitoring the ocean. So the world's oceanographic centres not only have a nucleus of full-time…
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Full text Article Scripps Institution of Oceanography

From The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is the first U.S. oceanographic institution, founded originally as a marine biology station in San Diego by William Emerson Ritter in 1903. As was traditional, the institute offered introductory courses in the marine sciences until Ritter obtained funding…
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Full text Article Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO)

From Science Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia of Marine Science
The U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office or NAVOCEANO is a U.S. Department of Defense organization located at the John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, consisting of about 1,000 military and civilian oceanographers and other scientists, engineers, and technicians responsible for collecting and…
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